Emergency eyewash and shower systems play a critical role in safeguarding the well-being of workers in various industries. In the event of chemical splashes, contaminants, or other hazardous exposures, these systems provide immediate relief by flushing the affected areas, preventing potential injuries and minimizing long-term damage. Compliance with recognized safety standards is crucial to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of these systems.
One such standard is ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014: American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, which is written and published by the International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA), an organization that develops ANSI-accredited standards.
The ANSI Z358.1 standard sets forth comprehensive guidelines for the installation, performance, and maintenance of emergency eyewash and shower equipment. By adhering to this standard, organizations can ensure the availability and functionality of these life-saving devices. To gain a deeper understanding of the importance of emergency eyewash and shower systems and the specifics of the ANSI Z358.1-2014 standard, read on.
Understanding the ANSI Z358.1 Standard
The ANSI Z358.1 standard serves as a comprehensive guideline for emergency eyewash and shower equipment in the workplace. Its purpose is to ensure that these systems are readily accessible, properly designed, and capable of delivering a sufficient flow of water to effectively rinse the eyes, face, and body in case of chemical exposure or other hazards. The standard applies to all facilities and industries where there is a risk of chemical splashes or other harmful contaminants.
ANSI Z358.1-2014 Updates
Significant updates and refinements were brought to the 2014 version, which were not present in the previous edition, which is ANSI Z358.1-2009. These updates include:
- Hands-free operations for emergency showers (Section 4.1.5)
- Weekly visual checks of self-contained emergency showers (Section 4.6.3)
- Weekly visual checks of self-contained eyewashes to determine if the flushing fluid needs to be changed (Section 5.5.3)
- A change in the height of the flushing fluid stream from eyewashes and eye/face washes, from 45 inches to 53 inches (Section 5.4.4, 6.4.4)
- Addition of Appendix B5
Eyewash Equipment
Eyewash stations are crucial for immediate treatment of eye exposures to chemicals or hazardous substances. They provide quick rinsing to prevent further damage and promote eye safety in the workplace.
ANSI Z358.1 Requirements
- The temperature range for eyewash water between 60-100°F (16-38°C) and requires a minimum flow rate of 0.4 gallons per minute (1.5 liters per minute) for at least 15 minutes.
- Water should have a low-velocity flow that can rinse both eyes and will not injure the user. The user should be able to hold eyes open while rinsing. The unit should be able to wash both eyes simultaneously.
- According to Section 5.4.4, the water flow pattern should be positioned between 33” (83.8 cm) and 53” (134.6 cm) from the floor and at least 6” (15.3 cm) from the wall or nearest obstruction.
- Covers (dust caps/covers) must be installed on spray heads to be protected from airborne contaminants. The cover will be removed by water flow.
- The valve actuator should be accessible and easy to locate.
- Unit should be activated in 1 second or less.
3 Types of Eyewash Stations
Plumbed Eyewash Stations: These stations are directly connected to a continuous source of potable water supply. They provide a constant flow of water for immediate use in case of eye or face exposure to hazardous substances.
Self-Contained Eyewash Stations: These units have their own self-contained flushing fluid, typically saline solution or sterile water. They are ideal for locations where a continuous water supply is not available or not feasible.
Combination Units: Combination units integrate both eyewash and shower functionalities into a single device. They offer the convenience of having both options readily available in a compact design, ensuring effective treatment for different types of exposures.
Activation Methods
Manual Activation: Users manually activate the eyewash station by pulling a lever or handle, initiating the flow of water. This method allows for immediate response and control.
Hands-Free Activation: Some eyewash stations are designed with hands-free activation mechanisms such as foot pedals or infrared sensors. These methods enable users to activate the eyewash without using their hands, promoting ease of use and reducing potential contamination.
Eye/Face Wash Stations
Eye/face wash stations are essential safety devices in workplaces where there is a risk of chemical splashes or other hazardous exposures. They provide immediate relief by flushing the eyes and face, helping to minimize potential injuries and mitigate the effects of harmful substances.
Requirements
- The temperature range for eyewash water between 60-100°F (16-38°C) and requires a minimum flow rate of 0.3 gallons per minute (11.4 liters) for at least 15 minutes.
- Water should have a low-velocity flow that can rinse both eyes and will not injure the user. The user should be able to hold eyes open while rinsing. The unit should be able to wash both eyes simultaneously.
- The water flow pattern should be positioned between 33” (83.8 cm) and 53” (134.6 cm) from the floor and at least 6” (15.3 cm) from the wall or nearest obstruction.
- Covers (dust caps/covers) must be installed on spray heads to be protected from airborne contaminants. The cover will be removed by water flow.
- The valve actuator should be accessible and easy to locate.
- Unit should be activated in 1 second or less.
Types of Eye/Face Wash Stations
Wall-Mounted Eye/Face Wash Stations: Wall-mounted eye wash stations are permanently installed on walls and are typically connected to a water supply. They are designed for easy accessibility and provide a controlled flow of water for rinsing the eyes and face.
Portable Eye/Face Wash Stations: Portable eye wash stations are self-contained and can be moved to different locations as needed. They are particularly useful in areas where a permanent installation is not feasible or when temporary work areas are involved.
Design and Construction Requirements
Eye/face wash stations must meet specific design and construction criteria to ensure their effectiveness. This includes considerations such as material durability, corrosion resistance, and compliance with relevant standards to ensure reliability and longevity.
Shower Equipment
Emergency showers are critical safety devices in workplaces where there is a risk of full-body exposure to hazardous substances. They provide immediate drenching of the body to remove contaminants and minimize potential injuries, helping to safeguard the well-being of workers and prevent further harm.
ANSI Z358.1 Requirements
- The temperature range for eyewash water between 60-100°F (16-38°C) and requires a minimum flow rate of 20 GPM for at least 15 minutes. The shower should be able to deliver 20 gallons (75.7 liters) per minute for 15 minutes.
- Water should have a low-velocity flow that can rinse both eyes and will not injure the user. The user should be able to hold eyes open while rinsing. The unit should be able to wash both eyes simultaneously.
- The height of the water column should be positioned between 82” (208.3cm) and 96” (243.8cm) from the floor.
- The water pattern's center should be at least 16" away from any obstruction.
- The actuator should be accessible and easy to locate, and should be no more 69" from the floor.
- If the unit has a shower enclosure, the enclosure should have a minimum diameter of 34"
- Unit should be activated in 1 second or less and remains open until closed manually.
3 Types of Emergency Shower Units
Ceiling-Mounted Showers: These showers are installed on the ceiling and deliver a downward spray of water. They provide comprehensive coverage and are suitable for areas where a fixed location is preferred.
Wall-Mounted Showers: Wall-mounted showers are attached to walls and deliver a horizontal spray of water. They are flexible in terms of installation and can be positioned based on the specific requirements of the workspace.
Portable Showers: Portable showers are self-contained units that can be moved to different locations as needed. They are particularly useful in temporary work areas or for decontamination purposes in case of spills or accidents.
Activation Methods
Pull Rods: Showers equipped with pull rods allow users to activate the flow of water by pulling a handle or rod. This method provides immediate response and control over the shower operation.
Push Handles: Showers with push handles require users to push a handle or lever to activate the water flow. This method offers quick and straightforward activation for emergency situations.
Foot Pedals: Some showers feature foot pedals that allow users to activate the flow of water using their feet. This hands-free method promotes ease of use and reduces the risk of contamination.
ANSI Z358.1 Other General Considerations
First Aid Devices: Emergency eyewash and shower systems should be installed as a primary response for immediate treatment of eye and body exposures to hazardous substances. They are considered essential first aid devices in workplaces where such risks exist.
Equipment Location: Eyewash and shower units must be located in accessible areas within a 10-second travel distance from potential hazards. The placement should be free from obstructions and clearly marked to facilitate quick identification and easy access during emergencies.
Corrosion Resistance: All components of the eyewash and shower equipment, including pipes, fittings, and valves, should be made of materials that are resistant to corrosion. This ensures the durability and longevity of the system, preventing leaks or failures.
Freezing: To prevent freezing during cold weather, eyewash and shower units should be equipped with proper insulation or heat tracing. This ensures the availability of functional equipment even in low-temperature environments.
Obstructions: Eyewash and shower units should be positioned in a way that minimizes the risk of obstructions. This includes considering the placement of nearby equipment, shelves, or other potential barriers that could impede access or obstruct the spray pattern.
Identification: Eyewash and shower equipment should be clearly identified with signage that meets the requirements of ANSI Z535.4. The signage should be highly visible, using recognizable symbols and appropriate wording to ensure quick recognition during emergencies.
Shut-Off Valves: Eyewash and shower systems should be equipped with accessible and clearly marked shut-off valves. These valves allow for quick and easy shut-off in case of emergencies or during maintenance procedures.
Personal Wash Units/Bottled Eyewash: In addition to fixed eyewash and shower units, personal wash units or bottled eyewash solutions should be provided in locations where the potential for eye exposure exists but cannot be addressed by the installed equipment alone. These portable options serve as supplementary measures to ensure immediate access to rinsing solutions.
Maintenance and Inspection Procedures
Routine Maintenance Tasks: Regular maintenance tasks for emergency eyewash and shower equipment include checking for leaks, ensuring proper water flow, and verifying the functionality of activation mechanisms. Routine inspections help identify any issues that may affect the performance of the equipment. This should be done weekly.
Cleaning and Sanitization: Eyewash and shower units should be cleaned and sanitized regularly to prevent the buildup of contaminants and ensure hygienic operation. This includes cleaning the nozzles, bowls, and other components using appropriate cleaning agents and following the manufacturer's instructions.
Inspection Checklist: An inspection checklist should be developed to guide the inspection process. The checklist should cover critical aspects such as water temperature, flow rate, activation methods, signage visibility, and general equipment condition. Inspections should be conducted at regular intervals and documented for record-keeping purposes.
Training and Competency: Proper training should be provided to personnel responsible for the maintenance and inspection of emergency eyewash and shower systems. Training should cover equipment operation, maintenance procedures, and inspection protocols. Regular competency assessments should be conducted to ensure that individuals are knowledgeable and capable of performing their duties effectively.
FAQs
1. Which organizations should comply with the ANSI Z358.1 standard?
ANSI Z358.1-2014 is a widely recognized standard that provides guidelines for emergency eyewash and shower equipment. It is recommended for organizations across various industries, including manufacturing, laboratories, healthcare, construction, and more. Compliance with the standard ensures that the necessary safety measures are in place to protect employees and minimize the risk of injuries resulting from chemical or hazardous substance exposure.
2. How often should eyewash and shower equipment be tested?
According to ANSI Z358.1-2014, eyewash and shower equipment should be tested and maintained on a regular basis to ensure their proper functioning. Inspection of all emergency showers should be done annually for compliance with standard. Testing frequency may vary depending on factors such as manufacturer recommendations, usage frequency, and water quality. It is generally recommended to perform weekly activation checks and conduct a more comprehensive inspection at least annually.
3. Can self-contained eyewash stations be used in all situations?
Self-contained eyewash stations, which are equipped with their own flushing fluid, can be used in situations where a plumbed water supply is not readily available. However, it is important to note that self-contained units have limitations, such as limited flushing duration and capacity. They should be used as a temporary solution or in locations where the risk of exposure is low. Plumbed eyewash stations are preferred for areas where a continuous supply of tepid water is required.
4. What are the legal implications of non-compliance?
Non-compliance with ANSI Z358.1-2014 and other relevant safety standards can have legal implications for organizations. In the event of an accident or injury due to inadequate emergency eyewash and shower provisions, organizations may face penalties, fines, litigation, and damage to their reputation. Compliance with safety standards helps mitigate these risks and demonstrates a commitment to the health and safety of employees.
5. Is the standard applicable to all industries?
Yes, ANSI Z358.1 is applicable to a wide range of industries and workplaces. While the specific requirements and implementation may vary based on industry-specific regulations, the standard provides a comprehensive framework for the design, installation, maintenance, and use of emergency eyewash and shower equipment. It is crucial for organizations across industries to assess their specific needs and comply with the relevant regulations to ensure the safety and well-being of their workforce.