Safety Shower and Eye Wash Station Inspection: Complete Checklist

Regular safety shower and eye wash station inspection are critical to maintaining the safety and well-being of employees, particularly in environments where they are exposed to hazardous chemicals, dust, or particles. Without proper maintenance and routine checks, these safety equipment may fail to function correctly in emergencies, potentially leading to severe eye injuries or long-term health issues. Consistent and thorough inspections help ensure these systems are always ready to provide immediate emergency use in case of exposure to harmful substances.

This article will guide you through the proper inspection of safety showers and eye wash stations, ensuring they remain functional and compliant with occupational safety standards.

Key Takeaways

• Regular inspections of safety showers and eyewash stations help avoid equipment failure in emergencies and keep workplaces aligned with safety requirements.
• Adhering to ANSI Z358.1 guidelines for emergency eyewash station checks is necessary to confirm the equipment works correctly, with proper water flow and temperature.
• Training workers on the use and location of safety showers and eyewash stations allows for a fast and effective response to workplace hazards.
• Keeping inspection records helps track maintenance needs and highlights issues that should be addressed before they lead to larger problems.

Eye Wash Stations and Safety Showers for Industrial Safety

Emergency eyewash stations and safety showers are essential safety equipment in industrial, laboratory, and other hazardous environments. They provide a crucial means of immediate emergency treatment in the event of chemical spills, splashes, or other injurious corrosive materials to prevent worker injuries and long-term harm.

Eyewash Stations

An eye wash station is a specialized safety device designed to provide quick drenching or flushing of the eyes in case of exposure to hazardous substances or debris. It features a basin or a sink-like structure with built-in nozzles or spray heads that deliver a steady flow of water to rinse the eyes, helping to remove chemicals or irritants. Prompt and effective flushing reduces discomfort and minimizes the risk of serious eye damage or vision loss.

Types of Eyewash Stations

• Plumbed Eye Wash Stations: These are connected to a facility's water system, providing a continuous water supply for regular use in high-risk areas.
• Self-Contained Eye Wash Stations: Portable units with their own flushing fluid, ideal for locations without access to water, requiring regular fluid checks to ensure compliance with occupational safety standards.
• Combination Eye Wash and Shower Stations: These units offer both eye and full-body flushing, crucial for areas with high contamination risks.

Safety Showers

A safety shower is a form of industrial safety wash station that is designed to deliver a large volume of water over the body to quickly dilute and remove hazardous substances. They are an essential first aid response for chemical spills, fires, or exposure to other dangerous materials.

Types of Safety Showers

• Wall-mount showers: These are fixed to the wall and can vary in design, including freeze-resistant options for cold environments and heat-traced wall-mount shower models to prevent freezing in extreme conditions.
• Floor-mount showers: Positioned on the floor, these showers offer flexible positioning where wall mounting is not possible or practical, ensuring proximity to hazardous areas.
• Ceiling-mount showers: These showers save space and are installed directly into the ceiling, saving space and providing a downward flow of water, and offering efficient decontamination.
• Recessed ceiling-mount showers: These are installed into the ceiling with a recessed design, ideal for spaces requiring a clean and unobtrusive appearance, like labs or other suitable facilities.

Hazards from Improperly Inspected Eyewash Stations

Failing to regularly inspect safety showers and eyewash stations can lead to a range of serious issues that put workers at risk during emergencies. Here are some potential consequences:

1. Infection: Contaminated water occurs if stagnant water accumulates in the station's pipes or basin. This water can harbor harmful bacteria, leading to infections if contaminated water is used to flush the eyes.
2. Malfunction: Without inspection, emergency eyewash stations may not function correctly during an emergency. This malfunction can delay the necessary flushing of harmful substances from the eyes, increasing the risk of serious injury.
3. Corrosion: Over time, pipes and nozzles can corrode, leading to rust in the water supply or damage to the station itself. This can result in contaminated water or an ineffective flushing system.
4. Dust or Particles in the Eyes: Unmaintained stations can accumulate dust. These contaminants can be flushed into the eyes during use, worsening the situation instead of providing relief.

Safety Shower and Eye Wash Station: Standards & Requirements

The ANSI Z358.1 Standard is a widely recognized and referenced guideline established by the American National Standards Institute. This standard governs the performance and maintenance of emergency showers and eyewash stations. The requirements cover installation, water temperature, and water flow to ensure the equipment is effective during emergencies.

Below is a table summarizing the ANSI Z358.1 standards requirements for safety showers and eye wash stations, highlighting the critical aspects of their design, performance, and accessibility to ensure worker safety in industrial environments.

What Color Should the Eyewash Station Be Marked In?

Emergency eyewash stations are typically marked with workplace signs in highly visible colors, most commonly green and white. Green is widely recognized for indicating safety, and when paired with white, it provides a clear and easily noticeable sign. This color scheme is recommended because it stands out against most backgrounds in industrial settings, where visibility might be compromised by poor lighting, smoke, or dust.

Emergency Shower and Eye Wash Station Inspection Guideline

Regular inspection of emergency showers and eye wash stations is necessary to keep them in proper working order. The inspection process involves checking several key components to make sure they function properly during emergencies.

Eyewash Stations Inspection Checklist

• Flow Rate and Water Temperature: Verify that the eye wash station delivers a consistent flow of water at the required rate of 0.4 gallons per minute (1.5 liters per minute) for a minimum duration of 15 minutes at the rate of 30 psi. Meanwhile, the temperature falls within the defined range of 60°F to 100°F. Verify the unit is connected to an appropriate supply of flushing fluid, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Fluid Level: For self-contained emergency eyewash stations, the fluid level needs to be regularly checked and refilled as needed to guarantee the station is ready for use. Any stored flushing fluid used for the eyewash station should also be checked and always covered from any contaminants.
• Nozzle Position and Angle: The nozzles on an eyewash station should be positioned and angled to direct water straight to the eyes. They need to be at a height that allows a person to lean into the flow without bending or straining. The water needs to hit both eyes simultaneously, covering the entire eye surface for a thorough rinse.
• Cleanliness: Inspect the eye wash basin, nozzles, and plumbing to ensure they are clean and free from any signs of contamination and corrosion. Weekly, check nozzles and fluid for debris and remove sediment or buildup that may obstruct the flow of water or compromise the effectiveness of the eye wash station.
• Nozzle Caps and Covers: According to ANSI Z358.1, spray heads should be covered for protection from airborne contaminants and the cover should be. Nozzle caps or covers keep the nozzles clean when the eyewash station is not in use. They prevent dust, dirt, and other contaminants from entering the nozzles, which could be flushed into the eyes during an emergency.
• Drains: The drainage system must function properly to prevent water from pooling and becoming a safety hazard. Check the drain system for clogs or blockages, ensuring that wastewater can flow away quickly and efficiently.
• Accessibility and Signage: Ensure the eye wash station is easily accessible, unobstructed, and clearly identified with appropriate signage. Review the travel path and remove potential obstructions such as pipes, storage containers, and the like. Also, check that the signage is visible, legible, and includes the universal emergency eyewash symbol.
• Equipment Repair and Replacement: Identify and address any damaged or malfunctioning components promptly. Check for visible signs of damage or wear and vigorously test operation to identify any functional issues. Follow manufacturer guidelines for replacing worn-out or expired flushing solutions, parts, or accessories.

Safety Showers Inspection Checklist

• Flow Rate and Water Temperature: For emergency showers, the water flow rate should be at least 20 gallons per minute (75.7 lpm) during a 15-minute test, with the temperature remaining between 60°F and 100°F to provide effective decontamination without causing discomfort.
• Fluid Level: If the shower uses a self-contained system, the fluid level must be checked to ensure it's ready for use. Replenish or change the tepid water as needed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
• Spray Pattern Coverage: According to ANSI Z358.1, the safety shower must be at least 20 inches (50.8 cm) in diameter, covering the entire body of the person using the shower. This wide, even flow of water can rinse off chemicals or hazardous substances from head to toe.
• Pull Handle Functionality: Test the handle to ensure it triggers the emergency shower immediately and releases a steady flow of water. It should require minimal force to engage, as hesitation or difficulty in pulling the handle can delay the flow of water. If shut-off valves are present for maintenance, check that there are measures to prevent unauthorized use.
• Cleanliness: For both plumbed and self-contained safety shower units, inspect for cleanliness and the absence of debris or contaminants that might block the flow. With the unit connected and the valve(s) closed, visually inspect all piping connections for leaks.
• Drains: Proper drainage is important to avoid water pooling around the station, which could lead to slipping hazards or equipment damage. Check for blockages or issues in the drainage system to ensure that the water flows out efficiently, keeping the area around the shower safe.
• Accessibility and Signage: Ensure that the shower is located within 10 seconds’ reach from hazardous areas, on the same level, and the path is free of obstructions. Furthermore, confirm there is a highly visible sign indicating the shower's location and the area around it is well-lit for easy identification.
• Equipment Repair and Replacement: Identify and address any damaged or malfunctioning components promptly. Check for visible signs of damage or wear and vigorously test operation to identify any functional issues. Follow manufacturer guidelines for replacing worn-out or expired flushing solutions, parts, or accessories.

How Often Should an Eyewash Station Be Inspected?

Plumbed eyewash stations must be activated weekly to verify that water is flowing properly and to flush out any stagnant water that may have accumulated in the pipes. Meanwhile, a more thorough emergency eyewash station inspection should be conducted annually. This inspection should involve a detailed check of all components, including the nozzles, water pressure, temperature, and overall cleanliness.

Do Personal Eyewash Bottles Need Inspection?

Yes, personal eyewash bottles require inspection to ensure they have not expired, are free of contamination, and are at the correct storage temperature. They should be inspected monthly, and the bottles should be replaced as needed.

Common Inspection Issues and Corrective Actions

Below are the common problems found during emergency eyewash station and safety shower inspections. These issues not only reduce the effectiveness of the equipment in emergencies but can also lead to non-compliance with occupational safety standards.

1. Blocked or Clogged Nozzles: Over time, dirt, debris, or corrosion can block the nozzles, reducing water flow. Regular cleaning and testing can help clear these blockages. If the nozzles remain clogged, they should be replaced to maintain proper function.
2. Malfunctioning Activation Mechanisms: A faulty activation lever or button can delay or prevent the flow of water in an emergency. Test the mechanism during each inspection, and repair or replace any parts that do not work immediately.
3. Insufficient Water Flow or Pressure: Low water flow can result from blockages, poor plumbing, or inadequate water supply. Inspect the plumbing system for obstructions or pressure issues, and correct any problems to restore proper flow.
4. Corrosion or Damage: Exposure to water and harsh chemicals can cause metal parts to rust or degrade. Replace any corroded or damaged components to prevent failure during use.
5. Not Using Tepid Water: If the water temperature is too hot or cold, it can cause discomfort or additional injury. Regularly check the temperature and install a tempering system if necessary to provide water within the recommended range of 60°F to 100°F.
6. Absence of Clear Signage: Without visible signs, workers may struggle to find the eyewash station during an emergency. Ensure proper signage is installed, clearly marking the location of the station, and replace any missing or faded signs.
7. Lack of Documentation and Recordkeeping: Failing to keep inspection records can lead to missed maintenance and non-compliance with safety standards. Keep detailed records of each inspection and any corrective actions taken.
8. Poor Equipment Placement: ANSI standard clearly defines the need for these stations to be within a 10-second walking distance from hazardous areas. If an eyewash station is not located near hazardous areas or is obstructed, it may not be accessible when needed. Assess the workplace thoroughly and relocate the station or clear the path to minimize response time.
9. Insufficient Number of Stations: Insufficient provision of emergency eyewash and shower stations is a grave violation of the ANSI Z358.1 Standard. Conduct a thorough risk assessment to determine the appropriate number of stations required based on the potential hazards present in the workplace.

Should Eyewash Stations Have Inspection Tags?

Yes, eyewash stations should have inspection tags to document their regular maintenance and inspections. These tags serve as a visible record of when the last inspection was completed and whether any repairs or maintenance were necessary.

The tag should include the inspection date, the inspector's initials, and any notes about repairs or issues that were addressed. Having an inspection tag ensures that safety personnel can quickly verify if the eyewash station is up to date with inspections, making it easier to maintain compliance with safety standards like ANSI Z358.1.

Preventive Maintenance Tips

Preventive maintenance for eyewash stations and safety showers is important to keep the equipment operating properly and to address issues before they become major problems, reducing the risk of equipment failure during emergencies. Important preventive maintenance tips are as follows:

• Regular Cleaning: Keep nozzles, basins, and the surrounding areas clean to prevent dust, debris, or rust from building up. This not only helps maintain water flow but also prevents contamination of the flushing water.
• Lubrication: Moving parts, like activation handles or valves, should be lubricated regularly to prevent them from sticking or malfunctioning. This helps keep the equipment ready for quick use without delays.
• Testing: Perform weekly activation tests for plumbed eyewash stations to check water flow and flush out any stagnant water in the pipes. This prevents bacteria buildup and ensures clean water during emergencies.
• Training: Regularly train staff on the proper use and maintenance of eyewash stations and safety showers. Employees should know how to activate the equipment, perform basic checks, and report any issues immediately.

Emergency Shower and Eye Wash Station Training

Proper training ensures employees know how to respond to eye injuries or exposure to hazardous materials, including basic first aid like flushing eyes and seeking medical attention. This training should cover how to activate the emergency shower and eye wash stations quickly and how long to flush affected areas.

Employees should also understand workplace hazards, the importance of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and how to read Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for critical information for emergency treatment. Regular hands-on demonstrations, emergency drills, and thorough incident documentation are key elements of an effective safety training program, helping employees respond promptly and reduce the risk of injury.

Safety Shower and Eye Wash Station Inspection FAQs

How long do you have to keep eyewash inspection records?

The recommended duration to retain eyewash inspection records is for at least 3 years to demonstrate compliance during safety audits. However, employers should also consider state regulations or company policies that may require longer retention periods.

What are the safety rules for eye wash stations?

Eye wash stations must be accessible within 10 seconds of hazardous areas, provide a continuous flow of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, be free of any obstruction, and be clearly marked with visible signage.

How often does OSHA require eyewash stations be inspected?

OSHA itself does not specify an inspection frequency but refers to ANSI Z358.1 for guidance, which recommends weekly activation to verify proper operation and an annual comprehensive inspection.

Do safety showers need a drain?

ANSI Z358.1 does not specifically require a drain for safety showers, but having a drain or other means to manage water is recommended to prevent slip hazards and manage the large volumes of water discharged.

What chemicals require a safety shower?

Safety showers are required for work with corrosive chemicals, substances that can cause burns or skin absorption leading to systemic toxicity, and any material identified by safety data sheets (SDS) as hazardous and requiring emergency decontamination measures.

What is the standard for a safety shower?

The primary standard for safety showers in the United States is ANSI Z358.1. It specifies requirements for performance, use, installation, and maintenance of emergency showers to ensure they provide effective decontamination in case of exposure to hazardous materials.